RESUMO
To identify relation between prevalence of hearing impairment and risk factors at the time of birth in high risk neonates. A year-long study is performed at HBT Medical College and Dr. R. N. Cooper Municipal General Hospital, Vile Parle (west), Mumbai. The Study comprised of 478 high risk babies born between March 2016 and February 2017 and admitted in NICU of the hospital. Out of these 68 babies were either transferred to higher centre or took discharge against medical advice. A total of 410 babies completed the study. Additional 21 eligible babies died in NICU during the study. A Prospective Observational Study is used to analyse the findings of the study. Skew analysis of spread of prevalence across risk factors is used to establish higher prevalence of hearing impairment in high risk neonates. Cramer's Moment Coefficient of Skewness and Corresponding Test Statistics are used for studying the skewness. Out of 410 babies screened during the study 5 babies were diagnosed with profound SNHL. The risk factors associated with babies is plotted against frequency of babies with Profound SNHL. The plot is found to be un-uniformly distributed and shows inclination towards higher prevalence with high risk babies. Sample skewness (G1) value - 0.81 indicates moderately negative skewed sample. This means the number of babies with profound SNHL found by 3 stage screening is moderately concentrated at high risk weightage.
RESUMO
Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is frequently distinguished as persistent symptomatic inflammation of the nasal and sinus mucosa and is recognized as one of the most common chronic diseases, with high incidence rate. It has a major impact on overall quality of life. Although, the etiology and pathogenesis of CRS are not clearly understood, there are several hypotheses on CRS etiology and pathogenesis. The presence of biofilms and bacterial infection, as well as fungal infection, allergy, environmental pollutants, and smoking are considered as a possible environmental factors which are involved in etiology of CRS. Over the past few years, the presence of biofilms is indicated in more than 65% of chronic infections in humans. The most important goals of treatment in CRS include suppression of the infection, reduction of sinonasal inflammation, and maintenance of patent sinonasal passage drainage. CRS is generally treated with medical and surgical therapy. Antibiotics play a major role in the treatment of CRS and are often used to reduce the infectious component of CRS. Macrolide antibiotics are considered as a choice of treatment option as they have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in addition to usual antimicrobial effects. Clarithromycin is one of the macrolide which has shown beneficial effects for treating CRS. Various studies indicated that long term use of clarithromycin is effective in the treatment of CRS with good tolerability profile The present review suggests that clarithromycin can be used as treatment of choice in the treatment of CRS.
